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本文采用“遗址内”(on-site)的资源域分析方法,通过对小黄山遗址出土石制品岩性的鉴定和统计分析,结合区域地质资料,分析小黄山新石器时代遗址先民石制品的资源域,进而讨论其石料资源利用特点。结果表明,先民采取就近取材的资源获取方式,绝大部分石料都可以被地表径流作用搬运至遗址附近,原地开采或交换贸易的可能性不大。值得注意的是,即使是就近取材,石料的获取也并非随意的、单一来源的,据此推测玄武岩石料主要拾取于崇仁江,而角闪变粒岩、泥质板岩、花岗岩等石料只能通过长乐江获得,其余石料的获取指向性不明显,可能选择从较近的河流中获取。石料来源的不同,表明先民于距今9000～8000年前在该遗址获取石料已有一定的选择性。同时,石制品器形和岩性之间较强的对应关系,也反映出古人对各类石料物理性质的认识水平和对石料选择的偏向,是社会不断发展进步的表现,尤其是被用来制作石磨盘和磨石的气孔状玄武岩,有别于其他遗址多为砂岩质石磨盘的情况,这可能与玄武岩质石磨盘的加工效率有关。
Based on the “on-site” resource domain analysis method, this paper analyzes the lithology of the stone products unearthed from the Xiaoshan site by combining with the regional geological data to analyze the ancestral stone of Neolithic sites in Xiaoshan Product resource area, and then discuss the characteristics of its utilization of stone resources. The results show that the ancestors adopted the method of access to the nearby resources, the vast majority of the stone can be transported by surface runoff near the site, the possibility of mining or exchanging trade in situ is not. It is noteworthy that even if the material is taken nearby, the acquisition of the stone is not random and single-sourced. Therefore, it is presumed that the basalt stone mainly picks up in the Chongren River, and the stones such as hornblende, argillaceous slate and granite can only Obtained through Changle River, the rest of the acquisition of stone is not obvious, may choose to get from the more recent rivers. The different sources of stone indicate that the ancestors had a certain degree of selectivity in obtaining stone at the site 9000 ~ 8000 years ago. At the same time, the strong correspondence between stone shape and lithology also reflects that the ancients’ understanding of the physical properties of various types of stone and their preference for stone selection are manifestations of the continuous development and progress of the society. In particular, they are used The production of stomatal basalt with stone discs and grindstone is different from the other sites mostly with sandstone discs, which may be related to the processing efficiency of basalt stone discs.