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[目的]评价基于世界卫生组织的世界健康调查(WHS)问卷和儿童健康问卷(CHQ)的健康状况自评问卷信度和效度,为开展上海市人群健康水平综合评价奠定技术基础。[方法]在上海市城乡结合部一个居民户数大于400户的居民小区中通过随机抽样获得含有5～15岁儿童的上海户籍家庭80户(371人)作为调查对象。调查问卷以WHS问卷为基础,加入儿童健康问卷-家长卷28(CHQ-PF28)中的相关内容;被调查对象在经培训的调查员指导下完成其健康状况自评。应用重测相关系数和Cronbachα系数评价问卷信度;应用个体功能健康状况评分和总体健康状况的单因素方差评价区分效度;应用主成分法的因子分析评价问卷结构效度。[结果]反映个体健康状况的各维度评分重测相关系数大于0.5,大部分同一维度下各条目的Cronbach a系数均大于0.6,信度较好。自报患病或不良状态的评分明显高于未报患病或不良状态者(P<0.00),区分效度较好。测量成人健康条目反映出8个载荷较大的因子,测量儿童健康条目反映出5个载荷较大的因子,与问卷设计接近。[结论]基于WHS和CHQ问卷的健康状况自评问卷可应用于5岁及以上人群健康状况的综合评价。
[Objective] To evaluate the reliability and validity of self-evaluation questionnaire based on World Health Survey (WHS) questionnaire and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) of World Health Organization (WHO), so as to lay a technological foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of the health level of Shanghai’s population. [Method] 80 households (371 households) in Shanghai with 5-15-year-old children were selected as random sample from residential quarters with more than 400 households in urban-rural area of Shanghai as survey subjects. The questionnaire was based on the WHS questionnaire and was incorporated into the Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Volume 28 (CHQ-PF28); the respondents completed their health status self-assessment under the guidance of a trained investigator. The reliability of questionnaire was evaluated by using the correlation coefficient of retest and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The discriminant validity was evaluated by single factor variance of individual functional health score and general health status. The principal component method was used to evaluate the structural validity of the questionnaire. [Results] The correlation coefficient of retest scores of all dimensions reflecting individual health status was greater than 0.5. The Cronbach a coefficients of most items under the same dimension were all greater than 0.6, and the reliability was good. The reported self-reported illness or bad status was significantly higher than those who did not report illness or bad status (P <0.00), and the discriminant validity was good. The measurement of adult health items reflected eight factors with greater load, and the measurement of children’s health items reflected five factors with greater load, close to the questionnaire design. [Conclusion] The self-evaluation questionnaire based on WHS and CHQ can be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of the health status of people aged 5 and above.