论文部分内容阅读
目的分析襄阳市中医医院预防保健科及襄阳市疾病预防控制中心门诊2013~2015年就诊的狂犬病暴露者的流行病学特征。方法应用描述流行病学方法对2013~2015年就诊的5 855例被动物致伤者资料进行整理和统计分析。对所有暴露者均根据卫生部《狂犬病暴露预防处置工作规范》进行局部伤口处理,并根据伤口分级注射狂犬病疫苗及狂犬病人免疫球蛋白。结果 2013~2015年5 855例暴露人群中,男女性别比例为0.98∶1;乡镇暴露人群例数(3年分别为1 018、1 085、1 287)及城区暴露人群例数(3年分别为624、787、1 054)均呈逐年上升趋势;春、夏季暴露人群例数(3 239例)多于秋、冬季(2 616例);0~10岁暴露人群所占比例最高(3年分别为20.03%、28.9%、21.6%),其次为41~50岁人群(3年分别为22.3%、18.1%、19.3%)。注射狂犬病疫苗及人免疫球蛋白后跟踪观察1年,无1例发病。结论春夏季是犬伤高发季节,需加强对猫、狗等动物的管理及对儿童的看护。在伤后要及时规范彻底地处置伤口,根据伤口分级要足量使用狂犬病人免疫球蛋白及全程接种狂犬病疫苗,可有效预防狂犬病发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed from 2013 to 2015 in the Department of Preventive and Health Medicine, Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and from Xiangyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to sort out and statistically analyze the data of 5 855 cases of animal injuries from 2013 to 2015. All the exposed persons were treated with local wounds according to the Ministry of Public Health’s “Rabies Disease Prevention and Treatment Regulations”, and rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin were injected according to the wound classification. Results Among the 5 855 exposed population from 2013 to 2015, the male-to-female sex ratio was 0.98:1. The number of rural residents exposed (1 018,1 085 and 1 287 respectively in 3 years and the number of urban residents exposed in 3 years were (3 239 cases) were more than those in autumn and winter (2 616 cases), and those with 0-10 years old were the highest (3 years respectively) 20.03%, 28.9% and 21.6% respectively), followed by those aged 41-50 years (22.3%, 18.1% and 19.3% in three years respectively). Rabies vaccine and human immunoglobulin injection after 1 year follow-up observation, no one case of disease. Conclusions Spring and summer are the season of high incidence of dog wounds. It is necessary to strengthen the management of cats and dogs and their care for children. After the injury to promptly and thoroughly regulate the treatment of wounds, according to the classification of the wounds to rabbits immunoglobulin sufficient use and full vaccination rabies vaccine, which can effectively prevent rabies.