目的首次对小秦艽和秦艽的核型进行比较研究,为其遗传和进化提供了进一步的细胞学证据。方法根尖用0.002mol·L-1的8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理5.7h,用2.5%混合酶液,于25℃下酶解1.6h,低渗处理3h(置于冰箱内),然后用空气干燥法制片。结果小秦艽的核型公式是K(2n)=26=2M+24m,属于“1A”型,染色体相对长度组成为2n=26=2L+10M2+12M1+2S;秦艽的核型公式是K(2n)=26=2M+20m+4sm,属于“2B”型,染色体相对长度组成为2n=26=6L+6M2+8M1+6S。结论小秦艽的核型与秦艽相比较,秦艽较为进化。 Objective To compare the karyotypes of Xiao Qin Huang and Gentiana macrophylla for the first time and provide further cytological evidence for their inheritance and evolution. Methods Root tips were pretreated with 0.002 mol·L-1 8-hydroxyquinoline for 5.7 h, digested with 2.5% mixed enzyme solution for 1.6 h at 25 ° C and hypotonic for 3 h in a refrigerator, and then Produced by air drying method. Results The karyotype formula of Xiao Qin Huang was K (2n) = 26 = 2M + 24m, belonging to “1A” type. The relative length of chromosomes was 2n = 26 = 2L + 10M2 + 12M1 + 2S. K (2n) = 26 = 2M + 20m + 4sm, belonging to the “2B” type, the relative length of the chromosome composition of 2n = 26 = 6L +6 M2 +8 M1 +6 S. Conclusion The karyotypes of Pinus taiwanensis are more evolved than those of Qionglai.