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为了研究野外水稻田的非点源污染,本试验采取一种新的原位观测方法:即在不改变水稻田原有出流特征前提下,在水稻生长季采集田面水水位和降雨信息,通过水位变化曲线计算水稻田每日的蒸散发和渗漏损失量,再根据水量平衡关系计算径流量.观测期间定期采集田面水测定总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)浓度,根据径流量和浓度估算非点源污染流出负荷量.试验选取北京市海淀区上庄镇某村水稻田试验田块,通过1年的试验观测得到在生长季内的37场降雨中共有9场降雨产生了出流.另外,还有2次人工排水和1次农田回归流形成了非点源污染.经计算试验区水稻田每个生长季TN输出系数为8.8 kg·hm-2,TP输出系数为0.47 kg·hm-2.该观测方法针对具有多出水口且最低田埂高度动态变化的野外水稻田的非点源污染观测具有较强的可操作性.
In order to study the non-point source pollution of field paddy field, a new in situ observation method was adopted in this experiment: without changing the original outflow characteristics of paddy field, field water level and rainfall information were collected during the rice growing season, Curve was used to calculate the daily evapotranspiration and leakage loss of paddy field, and then the runoff was calculated according to the balance of water volume.The TN and TP concentrations were collected periodically during the observation period, Estimate the outflow load of non-point source pollution.This experiment chooses a paddy field trial plots in a village of Shangzhuang, Haidian District, Beijing, through a one-year experimental observation, a total of 9 rains in 37 growing rains during the growing season produced outflows. , As well as two artificial drainage and one farmland return flow to form a non-point source pollution.After calculating the TN output coefficient of each growing season in paddy field of experimental area was 8.8 kg · hm-2, TP output coefficient was 0.47 kg · hm- 2. The observation method has strong maneuverability for non-point source pollution observation in field paddy fields with multiple water outlets and the lowest height of field ridge.