本文系作者从事岩土工程勘察在建筑物地基、尾矿坝、挖方支撑及双介质等方面的计算经验，分别介绍其实用计算模型，所需参数及方法．其中，多数建筑物地基均宜采用线性模型。尾矿坝及土坝采用非线性模型。双介质根据各介质特性分别采用不同模型。各种计算建议采用二维有限元法进行。 This article is the author’s experience in geotechnical engineering surveys in building foundations, tailings dams, excavation supports, and dual media, and introduces their practical calculation models, required parameters and methods. Among them, linear models are preferred for most building foundations. Tailings dams and earth dams use nonlinear models. Dual media adopt different models according to the characteristics of each medium. Various calculations are recommended using the two-dimensional finite element method.