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目的:分析我院儿科产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布特征及耐药性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:对2012年12月至2015年12月在我院儿科住院的感染性疾病患儿送检的标本进行培养,采用VITEK细菌鉴定与药敏分析系统对菌落进行菌种鉴定及药敏分析。结果:临床共分离大肠埃希菌86株,其中产ESBLs菌60株(69.77%),83.33%(50/60)来源于痰液标本;肺炎克雷伯菌62株,其中产ESBLs菌57株(91.94%),92.98%(53/57)来源于痰液标本。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对美罗培南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为0%、1.67%、3.33%、3.33%,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率为5.00%~96.66%;产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星的耐药率均为0%,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率为3.51%~92.98%。结论:产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌主要来源于痰液标本,对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况基本一致(β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂除外)。两者对大部分头孢菌素耐药率较高(头孢替坦除外),对碳青霉烯类(美罗培南、亚胺培南)、氨基糖苷类(阿米卡星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素)、喹诺酮类(左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星)的耐药率较低。临床医师应结合药敏试验结果,合理选用抗菌药物,以减少细菌耐药性的产生。
Objective: To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in pediatrics in our hospital and to provide references for clinical rational drug use. Methods: Specimens from children with infectious diseases hospitalized in our pediatric department from December 2012 to December 2015 were cultured. VITEK bacterial identification and drug susceptibility analysis system were used to identify the bacteria and drug susceptibility analysis. Results: 86 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated, of which 60 strains were ESBLs producing bacteria (69.77%) and 83.33% (50/60) were derived from sputum samples. 62 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae produced ESBLs 57 strains (91.94%) and 92.98% (53/57) were from sputum samples. The resistance rate of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and levofloxacin were 0%, 1.67%, 3.33% and 3.33%, respectively. The resistance to other antibacterials was 5.00% ~ 96.66%. The resistant rates of meropenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin to ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0% and 3.51% -92.98% to other antibacterials. Conclusion: ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae mainly originate from sputum samples. The resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents is basically the same (except β-lactamase inhibitor compound preparation). Both were resistant to most cephalosporins (except cefotetan), to carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, Tobramycin), quinolones (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) lower resistance rate. Clinicians should combine the results of drug susceptibility testing, rational use of antimicrobial agents to reduce bacterial resistance.