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近年来我国的无障碍环境立法工作取得了瞩目的成绩,但也暴露出众多无障碍法规缺乏执行力的问题,限制了无障碍环境建设工作的落实和推广。本文关注于无障碍法规的执行力问题,以国内首部无障碍设施的地方性法规——《北京市无障碍设施建设和管理条例》为基准,对公共设施的无障碍建设情况开展实地调研。调研发现:以商业类设施和地铁类设施为代表的新建建筑比老建筑的无障碍建设情况要好;坡道、盲道、升降装置等设施的建设情况要明显好于警示标识、安全扶手、低位装置等设施;《条例》中的条款不够细致和全面,造成了在建设和验收环节没有明确的执行标准;而盲道被不合理占用等情况暴露出公众无障碍意识和知识缺乏的问题。本文的研究结果为无障碍法规的监督与执行提供了重要参考。
In recent years, our country has made remarkable achievements in the legislation of barrier-free environment. However, it also exposed many problems of lack of enforcement of barrier-free laws and regulations and restricted the implementation and promotion of barrier-free environment construction. This article focuses on the enforcement of accessibility regulations. Based on the first local ordinance on accessibility, the “Beijing Regulations on Accessibility Construction and Management,” we conducted a field survey on the accessibility of public facilities. The survey found that the construction of new buildings represented by commercial facilities and subway facilities is better than the accessibility of old buildings; the construction of facilities such as ramps, blinds, lifting devices and so on is obviously better than the warning signs, safety handrails, low-level devices And other facilities; the provisions of the “Regulations” are not meticulous and comprehensive enough, resulting in the lack of a clear implementation standard in the construction and acceptance stages; and the blind occupation is unreasonable, exposing the public to a lack of awareness and lack of knowledge. The results of this study provide an important reference for the supervision and enforcement of barrier-free laws and regulations.