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目的通过农村居民健康素养现状调查了解辽西地区农村居民健康素养情况,总结农村开展健康教育与促进存在的问题,为制定切实可行的农村健康教育中长期规划及健康促进策略提供依据。方法 2012年1—12月选择朝阳市7个县(市)区中经济发展水平为中等的乡镇,分别随机抽取2个乡,每个乡随机抽取3个村的农民各50名,其中男、女各25名作为调查对象,共调查了14个乡(镇)、42个村的2 100名农民。采用SPSS16.0和Excel2007对数据进行统计描述。结果 2 100名研究对象中,相关知识人群知晓人数为1 294人,占61.62%,健康知识及格人数为1 323人,占63.00%。健康行为及格者1 175人,形成率为55.95%。其中吸烟者606人,吸烟率为28.86%;男性吸烟者541人(51.52%),戒烟者179人(17.05%);女性吸烟者65人(6.19%),戒烟者58人(5.52%)。2 100名调查对象中,36~45岁人群的知识知晓率最高,占63.79%(488/765),≥56岁人群的知识知晓率最低,占59.26%(48/81);16~25岁人群的形成率最低,占55.32%(312/564),26~35岁及46~55岁人群的行为形成率最高,均占58.55%(267/456,137/148);高中及以上知识知晓率、行为形成率均最高,分别为63.36%(185/292)、59.93%(175/292);女性知识知晓率、行为形成率均较高,分别为62.48%(656/1 050)、56.86%(597/1 050)。结论辽西地区农村健康素养知识知晓率、健康行为形成率均较低。国家基本公共卫生服务规范对基层健康教育工作提出了全面和具体的要求,开展基层农村健康教育工作模式和实施策略还需要进一步改善。
Objective To investigate the health literacy of rural residents in western Liaoning by surveys on the status quo of rural residents’ health literacy, summarize the problems of health education and promotion in rural areas, and provide the basis for making feasible medium and long term planning and health promotion strategies for rural health education. Methods From January to December in 2012, townships and towns with moderate economic development in 7 counties (cities) in Chaoyang were selected. Two villages were randomly selected, each of which had 50 farmers randomly selected from 3 villages. Among them, Twenty-five women each were surveyed, and 2,100 farmers from 14 towns (towns) and 42 villages were investigated. Using SPSS16.0 and Excel2007 statistical description of the data. Results Among 2 100 subjects, the number of people with knowledge-related knowledge was 1 294, accounting for 61.62%, and the number of qualified persons with health knowledge was 1 323, accounting for 63.00%. The number of people who passed the health examination was 1 175, a rate of 55.95%. Among them, 606 were smokers, with a smoking rate of 28.86%; 541 were male smokers (51.52%), 179 were smokers (17.05%), 65 were female smokers (6.19%) and 58 were smokers (5.52%). Of the 100 respondents, the awareness rate among the 36-45 age group was the highest, accounting for 63.79% (488/765), and the lowest among the 56-year-old population (59.26%, 48/81) The rate of population formation was the lowest, accounting for 55.32% (312/564). The highest rate of behavior was found in people aged 26-35 and 46- 55 years old, accounting for 58.55% (267/456, 137/148) respectively. The rate of awareness of high school and above, (63.36% (185/292), 59.93% (175/292) respectively). The rates of female knowledge awareness and behavior formation were high, accounting for 62.48% (656/150) and 56.86% (respectively) 597/1 050). Conclusion There is a low rate of awareness of health literacy and health behaviors in western Liaoning. The national basic public health service standard sets forth overall and specific requirements for grassroots health education, and the work mode and implementation strategy of grassroots rural health education need to be further improved.