支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD)是一种与早产儿相关的多因素参与的慢性肺部疾病。BPD的发生机制不明，研究发现细胞外基质(extracellular matrix，ECM)重塑在BPD患儿肺泡发育异常过程中发挥重要作用。生理状态下的ECM其组成部分合成和降解之间有着严格的平衡，当其组分发生变化时ECM就会发生重塑，影响诸如肺泡形成等正常生理过程而致病。该文综述了表观遗传学中DNA甲基化以及微小RNA在BPD患儿肺泡ECM重塑中的作用，以期明确BPD的发病机制，并且对防治BPD提供新的办法和策略。“,”Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is a chronic pulmonary disease related to preterm neonatal.The pathogenesis of BPD hasn′t been clear now.But we have already known extracellular matrix remodeling has played an important role in alveoli dysplasia.We have found epigenetics has participated in extracellular matrix remodeling.There is a strict balance between the composition and decomposition of the ECM under the physiology state.However the ECM will reconstruct when its component change, which would influence the normal physiology process and lead to the disease.The review describes DNA methylation′s and microRNAs′ functions in extracellular matrix remodeling of BPD.This may help us understand the pathogenesis of BPD, and may offer some new methods to prevent or cure BPD.