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呼吸机的产生和发展是人类对呼吸器官解剖,生理的深入研究和工业科技发展的结果,并藉此使呼吸衰竭的救治起着革命性的影响。使用呼吸机的医生和护士不仅应掌握必要的呼吸生理知识,还应对呼吸机的工作原理和结构特征等有所了解,才能得心应手地正确使用以取得最佳疗效。兹就机械通气的基本原理、使用技术、常用通气模式及临床应用的有关问题进行讨论如下。1 机械通气的基本原理生理状态下呼吸是依赖气道一肺泡压力的变化造成与大气压的压力差而进行通气的。这种通气是主动的,称之为负压呼吸(negative pressure ventilation,NPV)。1929
The generation and development of ventilator are the result of human’s anatomy and physiology of respiratory organs and the development of industrial science and technology, and thus make the treatment of respiratory failure play a revolutionary role. Physicians and nurses who use ventilators should understand not only the necessary respiratory physiology, but also the working principle and structural characteristics of the ventilator in order to get the best results with the utmost care. The basic principles of mechanical ventilation, the use of technology, commonly used ventilation mode and clinical application of the issues discussed below. A basic principle of mechanical ventilation Physiological state of breathing is dependent on airway alveolar pressure changes caused by the pressure difference with the atmospheric pressure ventilation. This ventilation is active and is called negative pressure ventilation (NPV). 1929