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甲状腺癌可分为乳头状腺癌,滤泡状腺癌,嗜酸性细胞癌,髓样癌,癣状细胞癌和未分化癌等。由于病理类型不同,各种甲状腺癌的生物学特性,临床表现,治疗和预后也都有一定的差异,现分述如下: (一)乳头状癌:好发于青少年,女性多于男性,肿瘤生长缓慢,常在5—10年以上。原发病灶往往较小,最小的病灶只有米粒大,以致临床上无法检查出来,病人可无任何症状,但当肿瘤扩展到腺体以外时,可侵犯喉返神经,甲状软骨,气管和食管,引起声嘶,呼吸及吞咽困难、有50一86％的病人可以很早就出现颈淋巴结转移,这些转移的淋巴结发展慢,无痛,与周围组织无粘连。因此,有32.6—94.9％的病人往往以颈部肿块来就医。
Thyroid cancer can be divided into papillary adenocarcinoma, follicular adenocarcinoma, eosinophilic carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, sickle cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Due to different pathological types, the biological characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of various thyroid cancers also have certain differences. They are summarized as follows: (1) Papillary carcinoma: occurs in adolescents, more women than men, and tumors Slow growth, often in 5-10 years or more. The primary lesions are often smaller, the smallest lesions are only large grains of rice, so that the clinical can not be detected, the patient may not have any symptoms, but when the tumor extends beyond the gland, can invade the recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroid cartilage, trachea and esophagus, Caused by hoarseness, difficulty in breathing and swallowing, 50 to 86% of patients can develop cervical lymph node metastasis very early. These metastatic lymph nodes develop slowly, painlessly, and have no adhesion to surrounding tissues. Therefore, 32.6-94.9% of patients often seek medical treatment with neck lumps.