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据统计大约80%的人类癌症是由环境因素引起的,并确信其主要因素为合成的或天然的化学致癌物。因而如何对与日俱增的大量化学物进行评价,是当前人们关注的问题,也是一个困难的课题。目前,正从癌生化学、核酸研究、遗传学以及分子生物学和细胞生物学领域中涌现出百余种的短期试验方法。这些方法较为简单、快速和经济,为在短期内筛选大量新化学物,进而对其潜在致突变性和致癌性进行评价提供了可能性。本文仅就主要的短期试验方法进行某些综述和讨论。
It is estimated that about 80% of human cancers are caused by environmental factors and are convinced that the main factor is synthetic or natural chemical carcinogens. Therefore, how to evaluate a large number of chemical substances that are increasing day by day is a current concern and also a difficult subject. Currently, more than 100 kinds of short-term test methods are emerging from the fields of cancer biochemistry, nucleic acid research, genetics and molecular biology and cell biology. These methods are simpler, quicker and cheaper, and offer the possibility of screening a large number of new chemicals in the short term, thereby assessing their potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. This article only summarizes and discusses the main short-term test methods.