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随着世界对矿物资源和能源需求的增加,人类地下开采活动不断走向地球深部。为了揭示超深埋地下洞室在高地应力条件下的非线性变形特征与强度破坏机制,采用数控技术和光电装换技术研制了超高压智能数控真三维加载模型试验系统,该系统主要由模型反力架、超高压加载系统、智能液压控制系统、模型位移自动采集系统、高清多探头窥视系统组成。系统额定出力63 MPa、最大加载45 000 kN、加载精度0.05 MPa。通过智能数控技术实现模型超高压真三维梯度非均匀加载;通过光电转换技术实现模型洞室任意部位位移的自动测试,位移测量精度0.001 mm;通过高清多探头窥视系统实时动态观测模型洞室的破坏状况。利用研制的整套模型试验系统对新疆塔河油田超深埋油藏溶洞的成型垮塌破坏过程进行相似材料三维地质力学模型验,揭示出古溶洞成型垮塌破坏模式、非线性变形特征和应力变化规律。通过地质力学模型试验验证超高压智能数控真三维加载模型试验系统的可靠性,该系统在研究超深埋地下洞室的非线性变形破坏机制方面具有广泛的应用前景。
As the world’s demand for mineral resources and energy increases, underground mining activities continue to move deeper into the earth. In order to reveal the nonlinear deformation characteristics and strength failure mechanism of ultra-deep buried underground caverns under high ground stress, a numerical control technology and opto-electronic exchange technology are used to develop a three-dimensional model test system of UHV intelligent CNC real-time. The system is mainly composed of model anti- Frame, EHV loading system, intelligent hydraulic control system, model displacement automatic acquisition system, high-definition multi-probe peep system. System rated output 63 MPa, maximum load 45 000 kN, loading accuracy 0.05 MPa. Through the intelligent numerical control technology, the model can realize non-uniform loading of UHP true 3D gradient. Through photoelectric conversion technology, the displacement of any part of the model cavity can be automatically tested. The accuracy of displacement measurement is 0.001 mm. The failure of the model cavern is observed by real-time dynamic observation of HD multi-probe peeking system situation. The whole model test system was used to carry out the 3D geomechanical model test for the collapse process of the karst caves in the ultra-deep buried reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield in Xinjiang, revealing the failure modes, nonlinear deformation characteristics and stress variation of paleosol caves. Through the geomechanical model test, the reliability of the UHV intelligent CNC real 3D model test system is verified. The system has a wide range of applications in the study of the nonlinear deformation and failure mechanism of the ultra-deep underground caverns.