目的综述组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylase,HDAC)抑制剂(HDACi)在非肿瘤领域的研究进展。方法收集近15年的HDAC抑制剂在非肿瘤领域研究的文献资料,对文献资料进行分析和总结。结果 HDAC抑制剂在非肿瘤领域的研究非常广泛,涉及到多种疾病领域,分别包括传染性疾病、神经相关的疾病、炎症和心血管疾病,有多个抑制剂进入了临床阶段。在神经相关的疾病方面,HDACi的透过血脑屏障能力是至关重要的。结论 HDAC在非肿瘤领域也受到了越来越多的关注,随着基础研究和对基因调控研究的深入,专一性HDACi的发现,HDACi在非肿瘤领域将发挥越来越重要的作用。 Objective To summarize the research progress of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in non-neoplastic diseases. Methods The literatures about non-tumor HDAC inhibitors collected in the recent 15 years were collected, and the literature data were analyzed and summarized. Results HDAC inhibitors were widely studied in the field of non-tumor. They involved in many diseases, including infectious diseases, neurological diseases, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Many inhibitors entered the clinical stage. The ability of HDACi to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is crucial in neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions HDAC is also receiving more and more attention in the field of non-tumor. With the further research on gene regulation and HDACi, HDACi will play more and more important role in the field of non-tumor.