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蒼耳(Xanthium strumarium L.)是菊科植物,别名野茄子、敞子、老蒼子(东北)及刺儿棵(河南)等,我国各地都有野生。蒼耳的果实名蒼耳子,是一味常用中药,內含油約39％,蒼耳甙(xanthostrumarin)1.27％,此外尚含树脂、生物碱和丙种維生素等。儿童与家畜誤食蒼耳的果实或幼苗可以中毒死亡。为了寻找蒼耳子的毒性成分,我所植物化学室侯翠英等将蒼耳子仁脫脂,制成水浸剂,并从中提出一种蛋白貭及一种黃白色結晶状具有甙类性貭的物貭(含葡萄糖及鼠李糖),后者暫名为AA_2。我們比較了蒼耳子油、蒼耳子水浸剂、蒼耳子蛋白及AA_2的毒性,并观察了AA_2的一些药理作用。
Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) is a Compositae, alias wild eggplant, open house, Coturnum (northeast) and thorns tree (Henan), all over our country have wild. Xanthium fruit Xanthium fruit is blindly commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, containing about 39% oil, xanthosorin (xanthostrumarin) 1.27%, in addition to still contain resin, alkaloids and propylene vitamins. Fruits and seedlings of cockscomb males and domestic animals can be poisoned and killed. In order to find the toxic components of the cocklebur, the plant chemist Hou Cuiying, etc., made the cocklebur degreased and made into a flooding agent, and proposed a protein crucian and a yellow-white crystalline glycosides貭 (containing glucose and rhamnose), the latter temporarily named AA_2. We compared the toxicity of cocklebur oil, Xanthium spp., Cocklebur protein and AA_2, and observed some pharmacological effects of AA_2.