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关联理论(Sperber&Wilson,1986)认为,交际中每个人的认知环境都由三种信息组成:逻辑信息、百科信息和词语信息。读者借助这三种信息,不断在材料中出现的新信息和语境假设之间寻求和建立关联,这个关联就是其中的认知与推理过程(何自然,1997)。阅读的过程,就是鉴别和判断前后信息之间关联性、从而不断建立和修正读者语境假设的过程。个人认知结构的不同造成在语言交际中推理结果的不同,同时,新出现的信息以不同的组织形式出现,也会影响读者的语境假设,从而产生出不同的语境效果—即推理的结果。一、影响推理结果的语篇逻辑分析
Relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1986) argues that each person’s cognitive environment in communication consists of three kinds of information: logical information, encyclopedic information, and word information. With these three kinds of information, readers are constantly seeking and establishing connections between new information appearing in the material and contextual assumptions. This association is one of the cognitive and inferential processes (Ho, 1997). The process of reading is the process of identifying and judging the relationship between the information before and after, so as to continuously establish and correct the reader’s contextual assumptions. Differences in individual cognitive structures result in different inference results in linguistic communication. At the same time, emerging information appears in different organizational forms, which also affect the reader’s contextual assumptions, resulting in different contextual effects - that is, reasoning result. First, the logic of discourse analysis of the results of reasoning