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目的了解公立中小学教师的心理健康状况及影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法选择佛山市南海区大沥镇全部公立中小学,按照是否从事一线教学工作将研究对象分为研究组和对照组,分别调查专职教师和对照组行政管理人员的职业紧张(职业紧张量表)及心理健康状况(SCL-90),应用Logistic逐步回归分析影响公立中小学教师职业紧张的因素。结果教师在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对6个方面的因子评分高于对照组人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教师的职业紧张检出率为88.38%(715/809)高于对照组职业紧张检出率为84.32%(156/185)。单因素分析显示,不同性别、不同年龄组、不同工龄教师的职业紧张检出率之间存在差异(P<0.05);多因素分析显示:年龄和工龄为教师产生职业紧张的影响因素。结论中小学教师心理健康状况处于较低水平,并且有不同程度的职业紧张情绪,应加强相关心理干预,缓解职业紧张,提高心理健康水平。
Objective To understand the mental health of public primary and secondary school teachers and its influencing factors. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select all the public primary and secondary schools in Dali Town, Nanhai District, Foshan. According to whether they were engaged in first-line teaching or not, the subjects were divided into study group and control group. Occupational stress was investigated among the full-time teachers and control group respectively (Occupational Stress Test) and Mental Health Status (SCL-90). Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing occupational stress in public primary and secondary school teachers. Results The scores of teachers in somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and hostility were higher than those in control group (P <0.05). Occupational stress detection rate of teachers was 88.38% (715/809) higher than the control group occupational stress detection rate was 84.32% (156/185). Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in occupational stress detection rate among different sexes, different age groups and teachers of different ages (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age and seniority were the influencing factors of teachers’ occupational stress. Conclusions The mental health status of primary and secondary school teachers is at a low level, and there are different levels of occupational stress. Psychological intervention should be strengthened to ease occupational stress and improve mental health.