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空间集聚对经济增长的影响早在马歇尔时期就已引起注意,到了克鲁格曼倡导的新经济地理学的发展时期,更是受到了广泛关注。很多学者研究了集聚对经济增长的影响,但得到的结果并不一致。本研究构建了反映城市内部人口和就业空间结构的指标,以2010年260个地级及以上城市为样本,对中国城市市区的集聚分散与经济增长的关系进行了实证分析。研究发现相对分散即相对均衡的就业空间分布更能促进经济的增长,而人口的空间分布对经济绩效的影响并不显著;就业空间分布对经济绩效的影响,与城市规模有关,对于100万人口以上的城市更为显著。此外,研究还显示资本和劳动力等传统因素对经济增长的积极效应,而且制度因素也至关重要。
The impact of spatial agglomeration on economic growth has drawn attention as early as the Marshall era, and it has drawn much attention by the time of the development of the new economic geography advocated by Krugman. Many scholars have studied the impact of agglomeration on economic growth, but the results are not consistent. This study constructs an index reflecting the spatial structure of population and employment within the city. Taking 260 prefecture-level cities and above in 2010 as samples, this study empirically analyzes the relationship between urban agglomeration and economic growth in China. The study found that the relative decentralization of relatively balanced employment space distribution can promote economic growth, while the spatial distribution of population has no significant effect on economic performance. The impact of employment space distribution on economic performance is related to the size of the city. For the population of 1 million More cities are more pronounced. In addition, the study also shows the positive effects of traditional factors such as capital and labor on economic growth, and the institutional factors are also crucial.