自战后1946年英国首先宣布建成福利国家以后,它作为一个历史现象立即风靡于北欧和西欧,在短短一二十年内几乎所有资本主义发达国家都予以效法,完成了到福利国家的过渡。虽然七十年代经济危机之后,西方福利国家普遍地经历了“收缩”与“瘦身”运动,但是它们仍然没有放弃其福利国家的基本理念和原则,“福利国 Since the war, Britain first declared its founding of a welfare state in 1946, it immediately gained popularity in northern and western Europe as a historical phenomenon. In just a decade or two almost all capitalist developed countries followed the example and completed the transition to a welfare state. Although the welfare states in the West generally experienced ”contraction“ and ”downsizing“ after the economic crisis of the 1970s, they still have not given up the basic concepts and principles of their welfare states. ”The welfare state