心肌成纤维细胞是心肌合成胶原的主要场所。应激与机械牵张使心肌细胞表达细胞因子。促炎性细胞通过心肌成纤维细胞与心肌细胞的旁分泌作用产生细胞因子,并引起神经-体液变化,通过不同的信号转导通路激活相应基因表达改变引起心肌成纤维细胞的增殖、胶原合成和心肌细胞外基质蛋白的表达,从而参与心肌重构过程。而多种细胞因子均能激活基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs),并通过金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMPs)共同调控MMPs。心肌重构就是两者之间动态平衡被打破而出现的病理过程。 Myocardial fibroblasts are the main site of myocardial collagen synthesis. Stress and mechanical stretch enable cardiomyocytes to express cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cells produce cytokines through paracrine actions of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes and cause neuro-humoral changes. Activation of the corresponding gene expression through different signal transduction pathways leads to proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, synthesis of collagen and Myocardial extracellular matrix protein expression, and thus involved in myocardial remodeling process. A variety of cytokines can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulate MMPs through metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs). Myocardial remodeling is the pathological process where the dynamic balance between the two is broken.