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目的通过综合分析我国职业卫生示范候选企业的职业危害监测预警能力,总结经验,为建立我国高危职业危害监测预警指标和模型提供技术参考。方法从《国家职业卫生示范企业评选标准》中提炼出39项有关职业危害监测预警能力的指标,分别归类为直接预警能力、间接预警能力和协调预警能力,采用层次分析方法计算指标的组合权重系数,建立企业职业危害监测预警能力评价体系和模型;而后,对2006年64家国家职业卫生示范候选企业的职业危害监测预警能力进行了综合评分,满分为100分;并比较分析了不同评选结果、不同地区、不同行业和规模企业预警能力的差异。结果64家企业预警能力综合评分平均为90.9±7.9,其中东部地区企业的评分较高,中部地区企业的评分较低;不同行业和规模示范候选企业的预警能力没有差异;预警能力评分较差的前5项指标分别是职业病危害告知、高毒作业红色警示线设置、产生职业病危害设备警示标识设置、作业场所监测结果公示、作业场所定期检测评价。结论通过加强领导,企业重视职业病防治工作,不同行业、不同规模的企业能在职业危害监测预警能力建设上取得同样的效果;要加强中部地区企业职业危害监测预警工作。
OBJECTIVE: To provide a technical reference for establishing indicators and models for monitoring and early warning of occupational hazards at high risk in our country by comprehensively analyzing occupational hazards monitoring and early warning capabilities of occupational health demonstration candidates in China. Methods From the “National Occupational Health Demonstration Enterprise Selection Criteria”, 39 indexes about occupational hazards monitoring and early warning were extracted, which were classified as direct early warning ability, indirect early warning ability and early warning coordination ability respectively. The analytic hierarchy process Coefficient, the establishment of enterprise occupational hazards monitoring and early warning ability evaluation system and model; then, 2006 national occupational health demonstration candidate enterprises in occupational hazards monitoring and early warning ability comprehensive score, out of 100 points; and comparative analysis of the results of different selection , Different regions, different industries and large-scale differences in early warning capabilities. Results The average scores of early warning ability of 64 enterprises were 90.9 ± 7.9, among which, the scores of enterprises in the eastern region were higher and the scores of enterprises in the central region were lower. There was no difference in the early-warning ability among the candidates of the demonstration enterprises in different industries and scales; The first five indicators are occupational hazards, high toxic red warning line settings, resulting in occupational hazards equipment warning signs set, the workplace monitoring results publicity, regular testing site evaluation. Conclusion Through strengthening leadership, enterprises attach importance to prevention and control of occupational diseases. Enterprises of different industries and different scales can achieve the same effect in capacity building of occupational hazards monitoring and early warning; and monitoring and early warning of occupational hazards in enterprises in the central region should be strengthened.