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ATP敏感性钾通道(ATP-sensitive potassium channels,KATP)是一种在人体多种组织广泛分布的内向整流钾通道。KATP主要受到细胞内ATP水平、氧化应激等因素的调控,能够将细胞能量代谢和电活动相耦联,在生理和病理生理过程中发挥作用。在脑内,KATP广泛分布在黑质、海马、大脑皮质、迷走神经背侧核等区域的神经细胞内,参与神经元的兴奋性、线粒体功能以及神经递质释放等过程调节。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,KATP在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)中发挥重要的作用。本文从KATP在黑质多巴胺能神经元退行性变中的作用,对线粒体功能和神经元放电模式的影响以及在纹状体α-突触核蛋白分泌和小胶质细胞激活中的作用等方面,综述了KATP在PD发病中的作用。
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are a type of inwardly rectifying potassium channels that are widely distributed in many tissues of the body. KATP is mainly regulated by intracellular ATP levels, oxidative stress and other factors, which can couple cellular energy metabolism and electrical activity and play a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the brain, KATP is widely distributed in neurons in the substantia nigra, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, dorsal vagal nucleus and other regions, and is involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability, mitochondrial function and neurotransmitter release. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that KATP plays an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this paper, the role of KATP in the degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, the effects on mitochondrial function and neuronal firing patterns, and the role of KATP in striatal α-synuclein secretion and microglial activation , Reviewed the role of KATP in the pathogenesis of PD.