以生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,对其F1产量及其产量结构性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明,这些性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到显著或极显著水平。单株产量、穗总粒数、有效穗主要受非加性效应的影响,实粒数、结实率同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,千粒重主要受加性效应的影响。单株产量、穗总粒数、结实率受不育系影响较大,而实粒数、千粒重、有效穗受恢复系的影响较大。高配合力的亲本是选育强优势组合的重要基础,高产量的杂交组合的选育和不育系的选择至关重要。农艺性状的狭义遗传力由大到小依次为结实率、实粒数、千粒重、总粒数、有效穗、单株产量,变幅在51.34%~13.10%之间。不育系以滇粳优2号A、合系41A、滇粳优5-1A、大理香谷A较好,有较大的应用潜力。恢复系以南34、香糯选、南29选和南34选较好。 Nine lines of japonica CMS and eight japonica rice restorer lines were used as parents to analyze their combining ability of F1 yield and yield traits with p × q incomplete diallel cross (NC Ⅱ) design . The results showed that the general combining ability and the special combining ability of these traits all reached significant or extremely significant level. The yield per plant, total grains per panicle and effective panicle were mainly affected by non-additive effect. The actual grain number and seed setting rate were affected by both additive effect and non-additive effect, and the 1000-grain weight was mainly affected by additive effect. The yield per plant, the total grains per spike and the seed setting rate were greatly affected by the sterile line, while the actual grain number, 1000-grain weight and effective spike were greatly affected by the restorer line. The high combining ability of parents is an important foundation for the selection of strong heterosis. The selection of high yielding hybrid combinations and the selection of CMSs are very important. The narrow heritability of agronomic traits in descending order were seed setting rate, seed number, 1000-grain weight, total grain number, effective panicle, single plant yield, amplitude ranged from 51.34% to 13.10%. The CMS lines are Dianjingyou 2 A, 41A, Dianjingyou 5-1A and Dali Xiangu A, which have great potential for application. Restoration Department of South 34, fragrant waxy election, South 29 election and South 34 election better.