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条件基因打靶技术是通过借助位点特异性重组酶和预先引入宿主基因组的重组酶特异识别位点,在宿主特定发育阶段的组织或细胞中实现目标基因时空特异性定点插入、删除、替换和倒位等突变操作的技术.目前条件基因打靶技术已被广泛应用于拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、小鼠(Mus musculus)和果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)等高等真核模式生物的功能基因研究,并逐渐成为转基因动植物研究领域进行基因操作的强有力工具.近年来,国内外多个研究机构系统地开展了家蚕(Bombyx mori)条件基因打靶技术的开发研究,目前已经建立了较为完善的基于多种不同位点特异性重组系统的家蚕条件基因打靶技术平台.本文较为全面地介绍目前最为常用的位点特异性重组系统的组成和作用原理,系统概述基于位点特异性重组系统的家蚕条件基因打靶策略及其应用,并对家蚕条件基因打靶技术存在的主要问题和发展趋势进行讨论.“,”Conditional gene targeting technology is based on the site-specific recombinases and recombination target sites pre-introduced into host genomes to achieve target gene insertion,deletion,replacement,inversion and other mutations in host tissues or cells at specific development stages.This technology has been widely used in Arabidopsis thaliana,Oryza sativa,Mus musculus,Drosophila melanogaster and other advanced eukaryotic organisms for functional analysis of unknown genes,and has gradually become powerful tool for genetic manipulation in transgenic animals and plants.In recent years,studies on conditional gene targeting technology in silkworm (Bombyx mori) have been systematically conducted by some domestic and foreign research institutions,and a good conditional gene targeting technology research platform had been established based on different site-specific recombination systems.This review briefly introduces the components and recombination principles of the most commonly used site-specific recombination systems,systematically summarizes the main strategies and applications of the site-specific recombination systems-based conditional gene targeting technology in silkworm,and discusses the main problems and developmental trends of using this technology in silkworm.