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目的测定铅职业接触者尿铅含量,评价尿铅在职业病诊断方面的实用性和可靠性。方法尿样经硝酸酸化,以氯化钯为基体改进剂,经石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅含量并进行统计学分析。结果在116份尿样检测结果中尿铅超标14人,超标率为12.1%;男性超标率高于女性,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.216,P>0.05);不同工种间和不同工龄间工人超标率差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=9.81、χ2=9.37,P<0.05)。结论铅接触作业工人尿铅超标率处于较高水平。应加强工人职业健康监测工作,改善车间环境,提高工人的自我防护意识,促进身体健康。
Objective To determine the urinary lead levels in lead occupational contacts and to evaluate the practicability and reliability of urinary lead in the diagnosis of occupational diseases. Methods Urine samples were acidified with nitric acid and palladium chloride was used as matrix modifier. The lead content was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and analyzed statistically. Results Urinary lead exceeded the standard of 116 in 12 urine samples and exceeded the standard rate by 12.1%. The rate of over-standard rate was higher in males than in females (χ2 = 0.216, P> 0.05) The differences of the exceeding standard rate among workers were statistically significant (χ2 = 9.81, χ2 = 9.37, P <0.05). Conclusion Lead exposure workers over-standard of lead in urine at a high level. Occupational health monitoring should be strengthened to improve the workshop environment, enhance workers’ self-protection awareness and promote good health.