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白细胞介素(IL-7与IL-15作为IL-2家族细胞因子,近年来由于其调控T细胞分化与增殖及其在免疫记忆形成与维持过程中的重要作用而备受关注.IL-7和IL-15均具有与IL-2相似的异三聚体结构,共同参与两面神激酶(Janus kinase,JAK;是一类非跨膜型的酪氨酸激酶)/信号转导子和转录激活子(signal transducer and activator of transcription,STAT)信号通路,并参与调节辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)l/Th2型细胞因子的平衡.相对于 IL-2,IL-7和IL-15在维持机体T淋巴细胞抗结核感染中可持续发挥作用,且在结核病发生发展过程中的动态变化使其有望实现对结核病的鉴别诊断.此外,IL-7和IL-15能提高机体二次免疫应答的水平,因而在结核病预防或治疗性疫苗研究方面发挥的作用亦值得期待.“,”Interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-15, the members of IL-2 family, have attracted much attention because of their important roles in regulating T cell differentiation and proliferation and information and maintenance of immune memory recently. Both IL-7 and IL-15 have a heterotripolymer structure similar to that of IL-2, are involved in the Janus kinase (a class of non-transmembrane tyrosine kinases)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway,and play a role in regulating the balance of the helper T lymphocyte (Th) 1/2 cytokines. Compared with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 can sustainably play a role in maintaining anti-tuberculosis (TB) function of T lymphocytes, and differentially diagnose TB due to their dynamic profile during infection. Furthermore, IL-7 and IL-15 can enhance secondary immune responses and play an important role in the development of prophylactic or therapeutic anti-TB vaccines.