,Physical Process for the Pick-Up of Minor Ions by Low-Frequency Alfvén Waves

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We study the physical process for the pick-up of minor ions by obliquely propagating low-frequency Alfvén waves.It is demonstrated that minor ions can be picked up by the intrinsic low-frequency Alfvén waves observed in the solar wind.When the wave amplitude exceeds the threshold condition for stochasticity,a minor ion can gain a high magnetic moment through the stochastic heating process.Then,the ion with a large magnetic moment can be trapped in the magnetic mirror-like field structures formed by the large-amplitude low-frequency Alfvén waves in the wave frame.As a result,the ion is picked up by the Alfvén waves.
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