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随着各种新材料、新能源的不断研发,稀土越来越引起更多国家的重视。中国在稀土的储量、产量及出口量上都处于世界首位,其中内蒙古(包头市)白云鄂博铁矿拥有稀土的工业储量占世界的43%以上,占国内的87.1%。尽管如此,由于多种因素影响,稀土产业向经济优势转化却面临一些瓶颈,如稀土开采利用率低导致资源浪费严重、尾矿坝污染影响周围居民生活、稀土储备能力有限,储备资金明显不足,缺乏国际贸易定价权、话语权等。本文围绕稀土行业发展现状,针对稀土行业由资源优势向经济优势转化中存在的制约因素,从财税、金融政策支持稀土产业发展方面进行研究,并提出相应对策。
With the continuous research and development of various new materials and new energies, rare earths have drawn more and more attention from more countries. China ranks first in the world for its reserves of rare earths, its output and its export volume. Among them, the industrial reserves of rare earths in Baiyunebo Iron Mine in Inner Mongolia (Baotou City) occupy more than 43% of the world’s total, accounting for 87.1% of the domestic total. However, due to many factors, the transformation of rare earth industry into economic advantages faces some bottlenecks. For example, low utilization rate of rare earth resources leads to serious waste of resources, pollution of tailings dam affects surrounding residents, limited reserves of rare earth resources, Lack of pricing power in international trade, discourse and so on. This paper focuses on the current situation of rare earth industry development, aiming at the restriction factors of rare earth industry from resource advantages to economic advantages transformation, studies on the development of rare earth industry by fiscal and taxation and financial policy, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.