“现实”、“现实主义”、“现实主义”精神等,恐怕是文学艺术批评史上最富有争议性的一类术语了。美国小说家弗拉基米尔·纳巴科夫认为它们是“不加引号就毫无意谓的少数几个词之一”①“现实”一词译自英语“reality”或“actuality”,其最初源头是古希膜语。因而,“现实”一词的含义以及“现实主义”精神只有从古希腊文明中才能溯源。但是,艺术“现实主义”精神的真正确立却是欧洲19世纪的事。 The “reality”, “realism” and “realism” are probably the most controversial terms in the history of literary criticism. American novelist Vladimir Nabakov regards them as “one of the few words that are not meant to be quoted without quotation marks.” ① The word “reality” is translated from English “reality” or “actuality” Source is ancient Greek film language. Thus, the meaning of the word “reality” and “realism” can only be traced back to ancient Greek civilization. However, the true establishment of the artistic “realism” spirit was something of the 19th century in Europe.