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目的:分析胆道闭锁葛西手术后临床病理学特点及肝内免疫细胞浸润情况。方法:纳入2017年6月至2019年3月行肝移植术患者28例，其中胆道闭锁组20例(分为未行葛西术亚组10例，葛西术后亚组10例，后者胆汁淤积消退)，对照组8例，比较其临床及病理学形态特点。肝组织切片行CD3、CD4、CD8、CD20、Foxp3、白细胞介素-17A免疫组织化学染色及定量分析。上述指标中计量资料比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验，计数资料比较采用秩和检验或Fisher精确检验。结果:胆道闭锁葛西术后组临床及病理胆汁淤积程度均显著低于未行葛西术组，肝纤维化程度亦显著减轻(n P值均 0.05)，肝内浸润的免疫细胞类型差异有统计学意义（ n P < 0.05)。与未行葛西术组相比，葛西术后组汇管区CD3、CD8、白细胞介素-17A和Foxp3阳性细胞浸润显著减少( n P值均0.05)，持续低于对照组(n P 0.05)，仍持续低于对照组；小叶内Foxp3/白细胞介素-17A、Foxp3/CD8阳性细胞比例显著降低（n P值均< 0.05)。n 结论:肝内炎性细胞浸润及调节性/效应性T淋巴细胞比例失衡在胆道闭锁葛西术后胆汁淤积消退患者中持续存在，可能是促进疾病进展的一个重要因素。“,”Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and intrahepatic immune cells infiltration condition after Kasai biliary atresia surgery.Methods:Data of 28 cases who underwent liver transplantation in the liver transplantation center of our hospital from June 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. Of which, 20 cases were in the biliary atresia group (divided into two subgroups: 10 cases without Kasai surgery and 10 cases after Kasai surgery, and latter subsided cholestasis) and 8 cases in the control group. Clinical and pathological morphological characteristics of the groups were compared. Liver tissue sections were stained with immunohistochemistry and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Foxp3, and interleukin-17A were quantitatively analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to measure the above indicators, and rank-sum test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the count data.Results:The degree of clinical and pathological cholestasis in the biliary atresia group after Kasai surgery was significantly lower than that of the group without Kasai surgery, and the degree of liver fibrosis was also significantly reduced (n P 0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the types of immune cells infiltrated in the liver ( n P < 0.05). Compared with the group without Kasai surgery, the infiltration of CD3, CD8, IL-17A and Foxp3 positive cells in the portal vein area after Kasai surgery group ( n P 0.05), which continued to be lower than that of the control group ( n P 0.05), and remained lower than the control group. However, the proportion of Foxp3/IL-17A and Foxp3/CD8 positive cells was significantly reduced ( n P ??< 0.05).n Conclusion:Intrahepatic inflammatory cell infiltration and regulatory/effector T lymphocyte proportion dysregulation exist in patients with subsided cholestasis after Kasai biliary atresia surgery, which may be an important factor to promote the disease progression.