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基于自组装的基本原理,以“自下而上”的方式在表面构筑主客体复合纳米结构是纳米科学与技术研究的重要内容之一,并在单分子科学和纳米电子学等领域具有重要意义.扫描隧道显微镜(STM)以其原位、实时、实空间和原子级分辨的优点,在主客体复合体系表面自组装的研究中发挥了不可替代的作用.在表面组装中,主客体分子之间有多种不同的复合模式,最常见的是客体分子填充于由主体分子构成的含有空腔的二维骨架结构,空腔的大小和对称性由主体分子的结构调节,客体分子通过尺寸匹配等效应填充;客体分子能够沿着主体分子形成的单层结构外延生长,在主体分子层上面形成第二层客体结构;此外,主体分子形成的组装结构能够根据客体分子的尺寸和形状做出相应的改变来适应不同的客体分子,进一步丰富了主客体复合结构的内涵.本文以主客体分子之间的复合方式为主线介绍固体表面构筑主客体复合纳米结构的最新进展.
Based on the basic principle of self-assembly, constructing the host-guest composite nanostructures on the surface by means of “bottom-up ” is one of the important contents of nanoscience and technology research and has the advantages in the fields of monomolecular science and nanoelectronics It is of great significance that scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) plays an irreplaceable role in the self-assembly of host-guest composite system because of its advantages of in-situ, real-time, real space and atomic resolution.In the surface assembly, There are many different modes of recombination between molecules. The most common is that the guest molecule is filled in the two-dimensional framework structure containing the cavity formed by the host molecule. The size and symmetry of the cavity are regulated by the structure of the host molecule, And the size matching is equivalently filled. The guest molecules can be epitaxially grown along the monolayer structure formed by the host molecules to form the second-layer guest structure on the main molecule layer. In addition, the assembly structure formed by the host molecules can be made according to the size and shape of the guest molecules Out of the corresponding changes to adapt to different guest molecules, further enriching the connotation of the composite structure of the subject and object.In this paper, The main line describes host-guest solid surface to build the latest developments in nanostructure composite.