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氟化类吸入麻醉药较非氟化类麻醉药有更强的效能且毒性亦小。吸入麻醉药对肝、肾的毒性作用比较复杂 ,主要与各种麻醉药的代谢程度有关。目前使用的挥发性麻醉药都对心血管和呼吸系统有抑制作用。吸入麻醉期间脑血流量增加。在呼气末浓度监测下 ,异氟烷可用于神经外科手术。挥发性麻醉药虽能引起子宫松驰 ,但低浓度用于剖宫产是安全的。小儿需吸入麻醉药浓度一般较成人为高 ,其器官对毒性的易感性似乎较成人低。七氟烷和地氟烷具有其他含氟类药不具备的优点 ,但亦都不是“理想的药物”。本文介绍了目前使用的各种含氟吸入麻醉药的毒性反应。
Fluorinated inhaled anesthetics have greater potency and less toxicity than non-fluorinated anesthetics. The toxic effects of inhalation anesthetics on the liver and kidney are more complex, mainly related to the degree of metabolism of various anesthetics. Volatile anesthetics currently used have both cardiovascular and respiratory effects. Cerebral blood flow increases during inhalation anesthesia. Isoflurane is used for neurosurgery at end-tidal concentration monitoring. Although volatile anesthetics can cause uterine relaxation, low concentrations for cesarean delivery are safe. Children generally require higher levels of inhaled anesthetics than adults, and their organs appear to be less susceptible to toxicity than adults. Sevoflurane and desflurane have the advantages that other fluorinated drugs do not have, but they are not “ideal drugs.” This article describes the toxicity of various inhaled inhaled anesthetics currently used.