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目的研究苦豆草中各生物碱的量随物候期的变化规律,确定苦豆草的合理采收期。方法采用HPLC法对不同物候期苦豆草中主要生物碱的量进行系统分析。色谱条件为色谱柱X-Brige C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈(A)-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,0～10 min,94%B;10～50 min,87%B;50～55 min,94%B。检测波长205 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL,柱温25℃。结果苦豆草中不同生物碱的量随物候期呈现不同规律的变化,其中氧化槐果碱、槐胺碱量从5月至7月递减;槐定碱、氧化苦参碱量从5月至7月递增;而苦参碱、槐果碱、莱曼碱的量随物候期的变化不明显。结论可根据苦豆草中各生物碱量随物候期的动态变化规律为工业化生产不同生物碱而确定苦豆草的合理采收期。
Objective To study the changes of the amount of alkaloids in Sophora japonica L. with the change of phenophase, and to determine the reasonable harvest time of Sophora japonica. Methods The amount of major alkaloids in Sophora flavescens from different phenophases was systematically analyzed by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: column X-Brige C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), gradient elution with gradient elution from 0,0,0 mol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (B) % B; 10-50 min, 87% B; 50-55 min, 94% B. The detection wavelength was 205 nm, the volume flow rate was 1.0 mL / min, the injection volume was 10 μL and the column temperature was 25 ℃. Results The amount of different alkaloids in Sophora flavescens showed different regularity with the phenophase, of which the amount of oxysophocarpine and sophoramine decreased gradually from May to July. The amount of sophoridine and oxymatrine was from May to July increased; and the amount of matrine, sophocarpine, Leman base change with the phenology is not obvious. Conclusion According to the dynamic changes of alkaloids in Sophora alopecuroides, the rational recovery period of Sophora alopecuroides was determined for industrial production of different alkaloids.