马克思相对过剩人口理论揭示了相对过剩人口是资本主义所特有的人口规律,是资本主义生产方式和经济制度的必然产物和结果。然而,我国在从计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转轨过程中出现了大量的失业人口,这种现象,不仅对我国的经济社会产生了巨大的负面影响,而且也对我们如何正确认识马克思的相对过剩人口理论提出了新的课题。一、马克思相对过剩人口理论不仅适用于资本主义制度,也适用于一切市场经济制度(一)马克思相对过剩人口理论的基本内容马克思是从资本有机构成及其提高的趋势方面提出资本主义制度下的相对过剩人口理论的。马克思认为,相对过剩人口的产生和存在是同资本积累过程中资本有机构成 The theory of relative surplus population of Marx reveals that the relative surplus population is the population law peculiar to capitalism and the inevitable result of capitalist mode of production and economic system. However, a large number of unemployed people have emerged in the course of the transition from a planned economy to a market economy in our country. This phenomenon not only has a huge negative impact on our country’s economy and society, but also shows us how to correctly understand Marx’s relative The theory of excess population has proposed new topics. First, the theory of Marx’s relative surplus population applies not only to the capitalist system but also to all market economy systems. (1) The Basic Contents of Marx’s Theory of Relative Surplus Population Marx proposed that under the capitalist system, from the organic composition of capital and its increasing trend, Relative surplus population theory. According to Marx, the emergence and existence of a relative surplus population is the same as the formation of capital in the process of capital accumulation