尊重和发展学生的主体性是教育教学改革的起点和依据,所谓主体性是指学生在教师指导下积极主动学习时表现出的一种主观能动性。可见,学生的主体性在课堂教育教学活动中最直接的体现就是学生在课堂上的积极参与,因此,提高学生的课堂参与已成为实际教学中实现主体性教育目标的一个重要切入点。应试教育走向素质教育的过程,使学生由原来的“听讲学习”转向“主动学习”和“发现学习”成为可能。但这种转变的程度是有限的,教师仍然在 Respecting and developing students’ subjectivity is the starting point and basis of education and teaching reform. The so-called subjectivity refers to a kind of subjective initiative demonstrated by students under the guidance of teachers. It can be seen that the most direct manifestation of students’ subjectivity in classroom education and teaching activities is the active participation of students in the classroom. Therefore, improving classroom participation of students has become an important entry point for realizing subjective education in actual teaching. The process of exam-oriented education towards quality education makes it possible for students to change from “learning by listening ” to “active learning ” and “discovering learning ”. But the extent of this shift is limited, and teachers are still there