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凋落物分解是连接森林生态系统地上和地下部分的关键过程,影响着森林生态系统的养分循环,对全球碳(C)循环和森林生态系统生产力具有重要的调控作用。特别是,在当前全球气候变化的背景下,研究森林凋落物不同有机C组分的分解动态对于了解土壤有机质的形成、稳定性及其对气候变化的反馈效应至关重要。核磁共振技术(NMR)具有无损和非侵入等特点,是研究有机化合物结构的有效手段,已在凋落物分解研究中得到广泛应用。本文概述了NMR技术应用于森林凋落物分解过程的最新研究进展,包括森林凋落物有机C基团的NMR特征,凋落物分解过程中不同C基团的变化特征及其机理、凋落物分解过程的NMR评价指标等,并分析了NMR技术在凋落物分解研究中存在的问题和未来研究方向。NMR技术将有助于了解凋落物有机C基团的分解特征及其对土壤有机质形成和稳定的影响机理。
Litter decomposition process is the key to connecting forest ecosystems aerial and underground parts, affecting nutrient cycling of forest ecosystems, an important regulatory role in the global carbon (C) cycle and the forest ecosystem. In particular, in the current context of global climate change, forest research decomposition of organic C dynamics of different components, and its stability is essential for climate change feedback effects for understanding the formation of soil organic matter litter. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has the characteristics of non-destructive and non-invasive, which is an effective method to study the structure of organic compounds. It has been widely used in litter decomposition research. This article summarizes recent advances in NMR technology for the forest litter decomposition process, characterized in comprising forest litter NMR organic group C, and variation characteristics of the mechanism in different groups C litter decomposition, decomposition of litter NMR evaluation index and so on, and analyzed the problems existing in the study of litter decomposition by NMR technology and the future research directions. NMR technique will help to understand the decomposition characteristics of litter organic C groups and its mechanism of soil organic matter formation and stability.