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本文参考国内外文献,收集一些实例,从岩石力学的一般理论上概述冲击地压的形成原因和煤岩的破坏机理。对冲击地压发生的一般规律和防范措施也作了简述。随着矿井开采深度的增加,岩体原岩应力也成正比的增长。尤其煤矿长壁垮落法的广泛应用,回采面积远比金属矿大,围岩集中应力也增大。煤岩在这种高应力作用下,将出现一些特殊的地压问题。其中具有严重破坏性的地压现象就是冲击地压。据统计进入本世纪以来,冲击地压次数增多,破坏性加大,屡屡出现灾难性事故。我国锡矿山、抚顺煤矿等也相继发生冲击地压(见附表1、2、3)。
In this paper, reference to domestic and foreign literature, collecting some examples from the general theory of rock mechanics to summarize the formation of rockburst and the destruction mechanism of coal and rock. The general rules and precautionary measures of rock burst are also briefly described. With the increase of mining depth, the original rock stress of rock mass also increases proportionally. In particular, the widespread application of longwall caving method in coal mines has resulted in a large area of recovery area that is larger than that of metalloids and the concentration stress of surrounding rock also increases. Coal and rock in this high stress, there will be some special ground pressure problems. Which has a serious destructive pressure phenomenon is the impact of pressure. According to statistics, since the beginning of this century, the frequency of rock burst has increased, destructively increased, and catastrophic accidents have repeatedly occurred. China’s tin mines, Fushun Coal Mine have also been the impact of pressure (see Schedule 1, 2, 3).