本研究旨在分析鉴定中国人群HLA-DR位点1个新等位基因。应用Luminex PCR-SSO流式分型技术发现1例罕见等位基因组合样本,应用PCR-测序分型(sequence-based typing,SBT)及单等位基因特异性测序分型技术进行鉴定分析。结果表明,该样本DR位点1个等位基因序列与同源性最高的DRB1*03:06等位基因相比,其第2外显子第239位核苷酸碱基由C→G,结果导致相应51位密码子编码的苏氨酸变为精氨酸。结论:确定了该样本含有1个HLA-DRB1新等位基因。该等位基因被WHO HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为DRB1*03:80。 This study aimed to identify and identify a new allele of HLA-DR locus in Chinese population. One case of rare allele was detected by Luminex PCR-SSO flow cytometry and identified by sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) and single allele-specific sequencing. The results showed that one allele at the DR locus of this sample had the 239th nucleotide base of exon 2 compared with the DRB1 * 03: 06 allele with the highest homology of C → G, As a result, the threonine encoded by the corresponding codon 51 becomes an arginine. Conclusion: The sample contains 1 new allele of HLA-DRB1. The allele was officially named DRB1 * 03: 80 by the WHO HLA Nomenclature Committee.