心脏损害是多发性肌炎／皮肌炎重要的死亡和致残原因。血脂紊乱、甲状腺功能异常、高血压、糖尿病等传统心血管危险因素在多发性肌炎／皮肌炎的心脏损害中有一定作用，但免疫与炎症可能有更重要的发病意义。在临床上，这些患者“显性”的心血管表现，如冠心病、心律失常以及心功能不全并不少见，心脏彩超以及普通心电图有一定诊断意义。常规的抗风湿药物对心脏损害作用不明，可能有一定益处，采用目前的各项心血管疾病的相关指南处理多发性肌炎／皮肌炎的相关心血管疾病可能是合理的。“,”Cardiac involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis.Tradi-tional cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, thyroid dysfunction, hypertension, and diabetes, have an important role on heart in-volvement in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, however, inflammation and immune may have better explanation for it.In practice, “obvious changes” in polymyositis/dermatomyositis including coronary heart disease, arrhythmia and heart dysfunction, is not uncommon, and echo-cardiography and electrocardiogram should be routine method for detecting.Up to date, no reliable drugs or tools is used to treat cardiac in-volvement in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, administration according to cardiovascular guidelines may be suitable.