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如何翻译和理解Ontology这一重要概念 ,对研究西方哲学的存在理论关系极大 ,对它的理解又最终被归结为对tobe的理解。国内西方哲学界对此的看法历来有异 ,近年又有研究者认为以“是”来翻译和理解tobe最为准确。本文根据当代著名语言学、哲学史专家美国学者卡恩的研究成果 ,讨论了tobe本来具有的多种用法、多重涵义。认为它的一种主要和基本的用法 ,是作系动词用 ,表示“是”的意义 ;即使在作为系动词用时 ,它也可以表示“是者”、“存在” ,包含“是者”、“存在”的意义 ;它究竟表示“是”还是“存在”或别的意义 ,要看使用它的不同时代、不同语境和不同哲学家 ;而tobe所含有的“存在”的意义 ,在不同的形而上学理论中 ,又有差异 ,有的指本体意义的“存在” ,有的指实存意义上的“存在” ,有的则指自身显现意义上的“存在”。因此 ,对Ontology的翻译和理解 ,也应该视不同情形而定。
How to translate and understand the important concept of Ontology has a great relationship with the existential theory of western philosophy, and its understanding is finally attributed to the understanding of tobe. The viewpoints of western philosophical circles in this field have always been different. In recent years, some researchers think it is most accurate to translate and understand tobe with “yes”. According to the research results of Kahn, a famous American linguistics and philosophical history expert, this essay discusses the multiple meanings and the multiple meanings tobe that Tobe originally had. It holds that one of its main and basic usage is that it is used as a verb to indicate the meaning of “yes.” Even when it is used as a verb, it can also mean “is,” “exists,” and “includes” The meaning of “being”; whether it means “yes” or “being” or something else depends on the different times, different contexts and philosophers who use it; and the meaning of “existence” Metaphysical theory, there are differences, some refer to the “existence” of the meaning of the self, some refer to the “existence” in the meaning of the real existence, while others refer to the “existence” in the sense of self-expression. Therefore, the translation and understanding of Ontology should also be based on different situations.