最近10年肛管鳞癌和直肠腺癌的治疗发生了显著的变化。放疗在大部分肛管癌和选择性的直肠癌中扮演了重要的角色。肛管癌通常可分为鳞癌和腺癌。后者治疗同直肠癌。临床腹股沟淋巴结转移为5～20%,直肠旁和肠系膜下淋巴结转移为10～30%。痔中淋巴结也可转移但较少见。仔细的临床检查(有时需在全麻下进 The treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma has undergone significant changes in the past 10 years. Radiotherapy plays an important role in most anal canal cancer and selective rectal cancer. Anal canal cancer can usually be divided into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The latter treats rectal cancer. The clinical inguinal lymph node metastasis is 5 to 20%, and the pararetinal and mesenteric lymph node metastases are 10 to 30%. Lymph nodes in the sputum can also metastasize but are rare. Careful clinical examination (sometimes required under general anesthesia