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气道上皮有多种细胞组分，借助粘附分子维持上皮的完整。肽能神经末梢和神经内分泌细胞释放的多种神经肽调节邻近细胞的功能；纤毛细胞分泌松弛因子、趋化因子对局部微环境适应性调节；细胞膜上的水通道控制水的跨上皮转运对气道有保护意义；上皮细胞对外源性毒物或药物具有代谢和生物转化作用，且有较强的抗氧化能力，是一种对应激适应的自身保护机制。气道上皮的功能缺陷与气道疾病的发生有密切关系
Airway epithelium has a variety of cellular components, with the help of adhesion molecules to maintain epithelial integrity. A variety of neuropeptides released by peptide nerve endings and neuroendocrine cells regulate the function of neighboring cells; ciliary cells secrete relaxing factors that chemokines adapt to the local microenvironment; and water channels on the cell membrane control translocation of water to the gas Road has protective significance; epithelial cells on exogenous toxicants or drugs with metabolic and biological transformation, and has a strong antioxidant capacity, is a self-protection mechanism to adapt to stress. Airway epithelial dysfunction and airway disease are closely related