(一)学习和对待马克思主义理论,是采取理论和实际统一的态度和方法,还是采取理论与实际分离的态度和方法,从来就是区别马克思主义者和机会主义者,区别无产阶级革命家和伪装马克思列宁主义的资产阶级、小资产阶级革命家的试金石。马克思和恩格斯经常向只会背诵和简单重复“公式”的人们警告说:“我们的学说不是教条,而是行动的指南。”“共产主义不是学说,而是运动。它不是从原理出发,而是从事实出发。共产主义者作为自己前提的不是某一种哲学,而是过去历史的整个过程,特别是这个过程目前在文明各国的实际结果。”(注1)列宁和毛泽东同志都曾在革命的紧要关头和党内代表小资产阶级思潮的教条主义者进行过尖锐 (1) Studying and treating Marxist theory is based on the attitude and method of adopting both theoretical and practical reunification or adopting the attitude and method of separating theory from reality. It has always been the difference between Marxists and opportunists, the distinction between proletarian revolutionaries and disguise Marxism The litmus test of the Leninist bourgeoisie and petty bourgeois revolutionaries. Marx and Engels often warn those who merely memorize and simply repeat “formulas,” that “our doctrine is not dogma but a guide to action.” “Communism is not a doctrine, but a movement. It does not proceed from principle, It is not a certain kind of philosophy that communists make as their own premise, but an entire course of past history, especially the actual outcome of the process in all civilized countries. ”(Note 1) Both Lenin and Comrade Mao Zedong were The critical moment of the revolution and the dogmatists within the party who represented the petty-bourgeois ideological trend were sharp