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作为相对礼貌理论,笔者曾提出了“话语礼貌理论(DP理论)”(2001、2008a、b、2009)。本文主要概述该理论的最新发展成果以及以该理论为框架的对比研究、第二语言教育方法论等问题。话语礼貌理论将原有的礼貌理论,也就是语言学中只限定于语言形式、语言表达层面的礼貌理论,通过从包含周边语言行为在内的语篇层面来捕捉而将其发展成为人际交际理论。因此,本文在援引布朗和莱文森礼貌理论基本概念的同时,导入受话者接受视角、“相对礼貌”等概念,发展、形成了新的“话语礼貌理论”。本文主要论述该理论中的3个概念。即:1)“时间”、2)“面子充足度(Degree of Face Satisfaction)”、3)“面子平衡原理(Face-balance principle)”。本理论还涵盖了先行研究中未注意到的多种礼貌现象。如在日语中,受到别人关照后再次相见时是否说“先日は、どうもありがとうございました”等这种常识性礼貌现象。此外,本文还涉及了使用话语礼貌理论进行对照研究的方法、跨文化交际的重要性,以及如何将上述成果应用于第二语言教育等内容。
As a relative politeness theory, the author has put forward “Theory of Discourse Politeness (DP Theory)” (2001, 2008a, b, 2009). This article mainly summarizes the latest achievements of the theory and the comparative studies based on the theory and the methodology of second language education. Discourse politeness theory turns the original politeness theory, that is, the politeness theory limited to linguistic form and linguistic expression, into a theory of interpersonal communication by capturing from the discourse level that includes the surrounding language acts . Therefore, based on the concepts of politeness theory of Brown and Levinson, this article introduces the concept of politeness by introducing the concept of “accepting the perspective” and “relative politeness”. This article mainly discusses the three concepts in the theory. That is: 1) Time, 2) Degree of Face Satisfaction, 3) Face-balance principle. The theory also covers many of the phenomena of politeness that were not noticed in prior research. Such as in Japanese, after being taken care of by others to see each other again, does it mean “politeness like common sense” such as “first day, ど う も あ り が と う ご ざ い ま し た”. In addition, this article also covers the use of discourse politeness theory of comparative research methods, the importance of intercultural communication, and how to apply the above results in second language education and so on.