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目的了解长春铁路地区铁路职工的健康状态、职工的主要慢病患病情况以及掌握影响职工健康的主要危险因素。方法采用随机抽样法抽取该地区20岁以上职工,使用问卷进行调查。结果 (1)健康人群4014人,女性>男性。(2)60岁以上老年人占调查人数的17.97%,其中独居老人占11.14%。(3)慢病人群2271人,占调查人数的36.13%。患病排序为肥胖、高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病、脑卒中、肺心病及肿瘤。(4)影响职工健康的主要危险因素:吸烟人数占调查人数的16.36%,男性>女性;饮酒人数占调查人数的16.7%,男性>女性;饮食习惯中嗜咸者占调查人数的20.93%。结论 60岁以上老年人占调查人数的6分之一,而且独居老人占9分之一;慢病人群占调查人数的7分之一;不良的生活习惯与饮食结构不合理在慢病人群中所占比例较高。因此,有针对性健康教育、健康促进以及慢病干预工作是势在必行。
Objective To understand the health status of railway workers in Changchun Railway, the prevalence of chronic diseases and the main risk factors affecting the health of workers. Methods Random sampling method was used to extract workers over the age of 20 in the region and surveyed by questionnaire. Results (1) 4014 healthy people, females> males. (2) The elderly over the age of 60 accounted for 17.97% of the surveyed population, of which 11.14% were elderly living alone. (3) 2271 people with chronic diseases, accounting for 36.13% of the surveyed population. Diseases ranked obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, pulmonary heart disease and cancer. (4) The main risk factors affecting the health of workers were as follows: the number of smokers accounted for 16.36% of the surveyed population, men> women; the number of drinking persons accounted for 16.7% of the surveyed population; males> females; and those who consumed salty foods accounted for 20.93% of the surveyed population. Conclusion Elderly people over the age of 60 accounted for one-sixth of the surveyed population, and elderly living alone accounted for one-ninth of the total; chronic patients accounted for one-seventh of the surveyed population; unhealthy living habits and dietary structure in the chronic disease population A higher proportion. Therefore, targeted health education, health promotion and chronic disease intervention is imperative.