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一般认为,时间、空间、人物是历史三要素,因此学者研究历史离不开地图,郑樵由此而总结出“置图于左,置书于右,索象于图,索理于书”的读史方法。其实,郑樵这句话也形象地说明了历史与地图的关系:历史是时间,地图是地点,历史在说理,地图在使之形象化,时间与地点的维度不同,但具有相互关联、密不可分的关系;历史是人创造的,是人在一定时间、一定空间活动的结果。就初中历史教学而言,重视对学生读图及图文联系能力的培养,不但能提高学生的基本文化素养,还能增强学生的历史意识。
Generally believed that time, space, characters are three elements of history, so scholars can not study the history of the map, Zheng Qiao thus concluded “set the map in the left, set the book in the right, ”Reading history method. In fact, Zheng Qia phrase also vividly illustrates the relationship between history and the map: history is the time, the map is the place, the history is rational, the map in making it visual, time and place of different dimensions, but with interrelated, close Indivisible relationship; history is created by man and is the result of certain space activities of people in a certain period of time. As far as junior high school history teaching is concerned, attaching importance to the cultivation of students’ ability of reading pictures and pictures and texts can not only improve students’ basic cultural accomplishments, but also enhance students’ historical awareness.