我国早古生代煤主要蕴藏在煤炭资源贫乏的南方各省,因坚硬似岩石又称之为石煤,储量极为丰富,仅浙江至广西就分布有长约1 600 km的石煤矿,石煤中含有或富集了多种金属元素,目前已发现的伴生元素达60多种,如钒、钼、磷、钡、镍、铀、金、银等,局部可形成工业矿床而作为某种矿物资源单独开采,是我国有待系统开发的潜在的多矿产资源。研究表明:石煤形成于以菌藻类为主的生物堆积和浅表海或古陆边缘的海相还原环境,含有大量的菌藻类(如蓝绿藻和褐藻)、古孢子、海绵骨针及一些分类尚不明确的原始动、植物等生物化石,具有低碳、高灰、高硫的特点,海相沉积环境和藻类对硫的机械富集与捕集是造成含石煤岩系中硫含量高的主要因素。石煤中富集的金属元素绝大多数是亲硫元素,早期聚煤作用过程是石煤中伴生元素富集的重要阶段,多金属硫化物是石煤中金属元素最重要的赋存形式,主要有硫磺、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方硫镍矿、辉镍矿、辉砷镍矿、针镍矿、含镍黄铁矿和硫钼矿等,大量实验及同位素研究资料揭示了细菌还原硫酸盐作用是导致大规模金属硫化物矿化最可能的生物营力,也是石煤和金属硫化物矿床主要的成煤和成矿机制,硫的生物地球化学行为直接影响了金属元素的富集与赋存状态,但早期聚煤过程中硫的生物地球化学转化过程和金属元素超常富集的关系等基础地质地球化学问题仍未得到完善解决。因此,深入研究早古生代聚煤过程中硫的生物地球化学行为,不仅可以揭示我国南方含石煤岩系与多金属硫化物的共生机理和成矿效应,为我国含煤岩系中硫的形成机理及金属微量元素的富集效应研究提供科学依据,而且可以为提炼石煤中的稀有金属提供理论支持,为我国国民经济建设提供更多急需的稀散、贵重金属材料。 The ancient Paleozoic coal in China is mainly stored in the southern provinces where the coal resources are scarce. Due to the hard rock, also known as stone coal, the reserves are extremely rich. There are about 1,600 km long stone coal mines in Zhejiang and Guangxi, Enriched with many kinds of metal elements. Up to now, more than 60 kinds of associated elements have been discovered, such as vanadium, molybdenum, phosphorus, barium, nickel, uranium, gold and silver. Some industrial deposits can be formed locally and mined separately as some kind of mineral resources , Which is a potential multi-mineral resource in our country to be developed systematically. The research shows that stone coal is formed in the marine sedimentary environment which is dominated by bacteria and algae, and has a large amount of bacteria and algae (such as blue-green algae and brown algae), ancient spores, sponge spicules, Some unclassified primitive animals, plants and other biological fossils have the characteristics of low carbon, high ash and high sulfur. The marine sedimentary environment and the mechanical enrichment and capture of sulfur by the algae are caused by the sulfur High content of the main factors. Most of the metal elements enriched in stone coal are pro-sulfur elements. The process of early coal accumulation is an important stage for the enrichment of accompanying elements in stone coal. Polymetallic sulphides are the most important forms of metal elements in stone coal, Mainly sulfur, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, side sulfide nickel ore, nickel-nickel ore, arsenic nickel ore, acupuncture nickel ore, pyrite and sulfur ore, a large number of experiments and isotope studies The data reveal that bacterial reduction of sulfate is the most likely bio-sapphire that leads to the mineralization of large-scale metal sulphides and is also the major coal-forming and metallogenic mechanism for stone coal and metal sulphide deposits. The biogeochemical behavior of sulfur has a direct effect However, the basic geo-geochemical issues such as the relationship between the biogeochemical transformation of sulfur and the super-enrichment of metal elements in the early coal accumulation process have not yet been fully solved. Therefore, in-depth study of the biogeochemical behavior of sulfur during the Paleozoic coal accumulation process can not only reveal the symbiotic mechanism and metallogenic effect of the coal-bearing rocks and polymetallic sulfides in southern China, Mechanism and enrichment effect of metal trace elements to provide a scientific basis, and can provide theoretical support for the extraction of rare metals in stone coal, for our national economic construction to provide more urgent need for scattered, precious metals.