一、引言现代战争中,为了防御导弹等先进武器的突然袭击,对雷达提出了准确、迅速探测和跟踪空中多目标的要求。五十年代中期,相控阵天线正是为适应这种要求而受到有关国家的重视。他们拨了巨额经费,投入大量人力,力图抢先掌握这种先进技术,使自己的防御能力胜于对方。同时随着微波电子器件的发展,使得相控阵天线发展有了现实的物质基础。因此,六十年代以后,相控阵天线在反导弹系统中,在海上警戒、导航、通信、识别、测向中以及在宇航、卫星的通信中都得到了应用。相控阵天线的理论也得到相应的发展。但是相控阵天 I. INTRODUCTION In modern warfare, in order to prevent sudden attacks on advanced weapons such as missiles, the radar has put forward the requirement of accurately and rapidly detecting and tracking airborne multi-targets. In the mid-1950s, the phased array antenna was precisely for the sake of meeting the requirements of the countries concerned. They have allocated huge sums of money, put a lot of manpower into their hands, and tried to grasp this advanced technology first and make their defensive capabilities outweigh each other. At the same time with the development of microwave electronic devices, making the development of phased array antenna has a realistic material basis. Therefore, since the 1960s, phased array antennas have been used in anti-missile systems for maritime surveillance, navigation, communications, identification, and direction finding as well as in aerospace and satellite communications. Phased array antenna theory has also been the corresponding development. But phased array days