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目的:分析宫颈细胞学筛查阴性、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检查阳性患者宫颈活检病理检查的意义。方法:回顾性分析绍兴市人民医院2014年1月至2019年5月收治的细胞学筛查阴性、HPV16/18阳性或间隔1年其他12种高危型HPV(12HR-HPV)持续阳性1年以上的患者220例的宫颈活检病理资料。结果:220例中，腺癌3例，宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级(CINⅢ)18例，CIN Ⅱ18例，CINⅠ69例，湿疣样变47例，慢性炎症65例。在36例高级别鳞状上皮内病变中，有35例是HPV16/18阳性，约占15.91%(35/220)，只有1例为其他12种高危型HPV持续阳性1年以上，约0.45%(1/220)。结论:宫颈细胞学筛查有可能出现假阴性，对于细胞学阴性、高危型HPV阳性尤其是HPV16/18阳性，立即进行阴道镜宫颈活检，可以减少宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变甚至癌变的漏诊。“,”Objective:To explore the clinical significance of biopsy pathological examination of cervical cytology negative, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive.Methods:The pathological data of cervical biopsy in 220 patients with cytological negative, HPV16/18 positive or interval of 1 year other 12 high-risk HPV (12HR-HPV) lasting positive for more than 1 year from January 2014 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of 220 patients, there were 3 cases with adenocarcinoma, 18 cases with CINⅢ, 18 cases with CINⅡ, 69 cases with CINⅠ, 47 cases with condyloma-like lesions, 65 cases of chronic inflammation.Among 36 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, there were 35 cases with HPV16/18 positive, accounting for about 15.91%(35/220), and only 1 case of other 12 high-risk HPV was continuously positive for more than one year, accounting for 0.45%(1/220).Conclusion:Cervical cytological screening may appear false negative, high-risk HPV typing examination may be more able to detect cervical intraepithelial lesions, for cytological negative, high-risk HPV positive, especially HPV16/18 positive, immediate referral colposcopy can reduce the missed diagnosis of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and even cancerous.